AI & ML — FOUNDATIONS

Foundations

Most topics here have three levels — Introduction, Intermediate, and Advanced — so pick one and go as deep as you want. A few go straight to Intermediate for readers who already have the basics down.

How LLMs Work
Token-by-token prediction — from a first-principles intro to production internals.
Introduction Intermediate Advanced
Prompt Engineering
Why the same question can get a vague or a sharp answer — and the techniques that decide which.
Introduction Intermediate Advanced
Context Window
The model’s working memory — what it is, why it fills up, and what gets forgotten first.
Introduction Intermediate Advanced
Context Engineering
Why what the model knows matters more than how you ask it — and how that’s different from prompt engineering.
Introduction Intermediate Advanced
Embeddings
How text becomes numbers — and why similar meanings end up sitting close together.
Introduction Intermediate Advanced
Vector Database
Where embeddings live — and how search by meaning finds the right one out of millions.
Introduction Intermediate Advanced